Apexification is a method of inducing apical closure for non-vital immature permanent teeth. During this treatment a mineralized barrier is induced [with long term calcium hydroxide (CH) treatment]; or artificially created with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) plug]. Method: Two patients presented for evaluation of central incisor with discoloration with mild swelling and a no traceable sinus tract. Both have a history of trauma. After intraoral examination and radiographic assessment a diagnosis of pulp necrosis with open apex was made. At the initial visit access cavity preparation and biomechanical preparation was done and calcium hydroxide dressing was placed. In the next appointment MTA plug was made and obturation was done after 72 hours and the tooth was build up with composites and porcelain fused to metal crown was delivered. MTA is used for creating an apical plug; the functional goal of this procedure is to provide a hard tissue barrier that will provide an apical stop for effective obturation of the canal allowing the patient to maintain the tooth. Conclusion: MTA can be used effectively for creating a hard calcific barrier in cases of open apex. MTA also has low cytotoxic and superior biocompatibility as compared to calcium hydroxide used before.

Traumatic dental injuries often occur to the teeth and their supporting tissues and they are the main reasons for emergency visit to a dental clinic. Management of a fracture depends on its position and the extent of root involvement. Horizontal fracture is a term defined by a perpendicular or oblique fracture line to the long axis of the root. It is relatively infrequent, occurring in less than 3% of all dental injuries. Method: A patient reported with pain, swelling, pus discharge and mobile tooth. After clinical and radiographic assessment a diagnosis of horizontal fracture was made. Patient was explained the pros and cons of treatment plan which included extraction of the mobile tooth fragment, root canal treatment, crown lengthening, metal cast post and fixed prosthesis. Keywords: Horizontal fracture, gingival margin, crown lengthening, laser, removable prosthesis, cast post.

The maxillofacial surgeon should have the precise knowledge of course of the inferior alveolar canal to overcome surgical complications outcome. Injury to the lingual nerve is more often noticed than the injury to the inferior alveolar nerve. We aimed to establish the variations of course of inferior alveolar nerve incompletely dentate patients, to identify the linear relationship of the IAC to the Buccal and Lingual cortex (BCP/LCP) of the mandible and to the peri apex of the teeth as well as to assess the presence and course of the anterior loop in the mental foramen region according to the gender and side, using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT).Researched on 78 patients with 120 CBCT images helps in determining the variations in the course of the mandibular nerve may be important for the micro surgical anastomosis of damaged inferior alveolar nerves that occur as a result of the increase in the number of mandibular osteotomies and other reconstructive operations

Background: Thyroid disorders are common in India but scarce data exists on its prevalence in young women. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in female college students in dental college in Kanpur District, Uttar Pradesh. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was used as the screening test to diagnose thyroid dysfunction. The abnormal TSH values were classified as mild TSH elevation (TSH 4.5–10 mIU/ml), significant TSH elevation (TSH > 10 mIU/ml), and low TSH (TSH < 0.4 mIU/ml). Results: A total of 620 subjects were screened of whom 83 subjects (13.33%) had abnormal TSH. The overall prevalence of elevated TSH was 20.64% out of which 4.19% had mild TSH elevation. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was common in young women in Kanpur. In the present study many young women had thyroid dysfunction, and mild TSH elevation was the most common abnormality. Keywords: Epidemiology, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, India, prevalence, thyroid stimulating hormone, women

Dentistry is very demanding in terms of engrossment and impreciseness required while performing any procedure or operation. Due to inconvenient sitting postures attributable to limited working area and even more restricted access inside the oral cavity, dentists tend to neglect the posture while operating. Dental patients often present with gingival bleeding, teeth grinding and dry mouth. Yoga provides advantages in handling the human body's bodily and psychological issues. Yoga helps to calm the body and controls the pro-inflammatory cytokines and also helps to boost the body's oxidative status; thus decreases gingival bleeding, rate of dental caries occurance and mouth dryness among dental patients. Yoga also reinforces the strict work postures of the dentist who follows traditional asanas. Yoga is agile, soothing and highly efficient, and a great way to relieve pain and distress for dentists and their patients and lessen the musculoskeletal discomfort involved in the practice. This review is intended to give a general overview of the application and benefits of yoga in the dentistry. Key-words: Asanas, Cancer, Dentistry, Oral hygiene, Stress, Yoga.