Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder affecting oral cavity. Various surgical and non-surgical treatments have been reported, but currently there is no universal consensus on the most appropriate one and on the duration or interval of follow-up of patients with this condition. Management of oral leukoplakia should begin with elimination of risk factors such as tobacco abuse, alcohol abuse, and superimposed candida infection over the lesion etc. Conservative treatment includes use of chemo preventive agents such as vitamins, fenretinide, carotenoids bleomycin, protease inhibitor, anti-inflammatory drugs, green tea, curcuma etc. The aim of this review is to present recent advances in medicinal management of oral leukoplakia.

Introduction: Dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst. It is caused by accumulation of fluid between the epithelium of the crown and the crown of an interrupted tooth. It is attached to the neck of the tooth and its size increases by the expansion of the follicle. This cyst most commonly affects the impacted 3rd molar and maxillary canine. Case Report: In the present paper, we report a case of dentigerous cyst associated with impacted canine in a 13year aged female. Conclusion: The patient was treated surgically by enucleation of the cyst.

Aim: to inspect the extent to which parents can differentiate between their children’s primary and permanent teeth in mixed dentition.
Methods: One hundred parents (77 mothers, 23 fathers) and their children (n=100; mean age=7.6±1.13 years old) were included in this study. All the children were examined, and their decayed, missing, and filled primary and permanent values and decayed, missing, and filled primary surface and permanent surface values were recorded. Parents were asked whether each of their children’s 12 teeth on the maxillary and mandibular right side was a primary or permanent tooth. Each of their answers was recorded as zero (incorrect answer) or one point (correct answer), and the total score was calculated.
Results: One-third (33 percent) of the parents stated that the permanent first molar (PFM) was a permanent tooth, 59.3 percent said it was a primary tooth, and 7.3 percent said they had no idea. The median value of the total correct answer for the 12 teeth was 10. There were no statistically significant differences among the parents’ total correct scores according to the sociodemographic status (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Very few parents were able to distinguish between the permanent and the primary teeth. They have insufficient knowledge about their children’s teeth, especially about PMFs and to educate them regarding this should be of utmost importance.

Dental fear is a normal emotional reaction to one or more specific threatening stimuli in a dental situation. Though modern dentistry has made progress in providing a patient-friendly environment, still dental anxiety remains one of the major problems affecting children, which diminishes the rendering of dental care leading to impaired quality of life. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment encompasses the concept of minimal intervention approach for treating carious teeth. The objective of this review from the patient’s perspective is to present and discuss the evidence regarding the acceptability of ART. Information has been gathered from the available literature and aspects related to dental anxiety and pain have been emphasized. In conclusion, ART is psychologically well accepted when compared to other conventional approaches and is considered a promising management approach for cavitated carious lesions in children.

Beltrami characterized this pattern of early caries in young children in 1930s as “black teeth”. One of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide Early childhood caries(ECC).Ecc can be arrested and probably even reversed in its early stages, it is often not self-limiting and progresses without proper care until the tooth is decayed. It is often complicated inappropriate feeding habits and heavy infection with mutans streptococci. A professional preventive program that includes oral hygiene instructions for mothers or caregivers, along with fluoride and diet counseling should be targeted for such children. In Ecc their high risk for develop caries with the permanent dentition or will have other problems with speaking and/or eating.